The fibre first goes to one of the routers from your ISP. From there your traffic is getting routed over BGP to the next AS (other ISP or big company). That happens until you reach your target. And the same way back.
I've heard whenever you want to send a packet to a remote destination, that packet hops router from router until it reaches your destination and does the same thing back. If that is the case, where exactly does the fibre optic cable which your ISP provides you with connect to?
The fibre first goes to one of the routers from your ISP. From there your traffic is getting routed over BGP to the next AS (other ISP or big company). That happens until you reach your target. And the same way back.
It will likely go to an OLT (Optical Line Terminal) running some kind of PON (Passive Optical Network), which provides connections to the end users. From there a backhaul connection of some kind to a broadband network gateway, which is where your router will have its service delivered from or PPPoE aggregator, which has a bunch of PPPoE tunnels for your internet traffic. From there you will bounce between routers in your ISP network, to one of their edge routers, and from there to your destination network edge router, and through their routers to your destination.
By “likely” you mean - “if you have a PON based service”. There are lots of different access methodologies.
It just connects to a router in your ISP’s central office. Sometimes there’s some intermediate physical layer devices in the field (like a DWDM muxponder or repeater) that it will connect directly to. From there it’s likely a high-speed link to your ISP’s datacenter, where they have interconnections with other ISPs and cloud service providers.
Another router somewhere yeah.
This is exactly what IP is designed for. IP addressing is a logical one, as opposed to physical addresses like MAC. Each IP (both v4 and v6) consist of a network ID and a host ID (host ID in the particular network). Packets are routed by network ID. Each router has a routing table which tells him where the (or a) next hop (router) is to bring the packet closer to its destination. Your home router only knows one route = „all directions“ = default GW. The routing table can be maintained manually or dynamically. Dynamically means that a routing protocol like BGP learns about the environment and maintains table on these findings. Criteria to sort routes can be number of hops or associated cost or some others.
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