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r/explainlikeimfive · u/Confident_Muscle45961 ago 2026, 16:30

ELI5 : How does CRISPR work ?

Comentarios

u/AberforthSpeck11 ago 2026, 16:32
You can spend plasmids to buy upgrades that persist across resets.
- u/Brusex11 ago 2026, 16:39
  Brand new sentence
- u/explainlikeimfive-ModTeam11 ago 2026, 16:58
  Please read this entire message
  
  Your comment has been removed for the following reason(s):
  
  Top level comments (i.e. comments that are direct replies to the main thread) are reserved for explanations to the OP or follow up on topic questions (Rule 3).
  
  Joke-only comments, while allowed elsewhere in the thread, may not exist at the top level.
  
  If you would like this removal reviewed, please read the detailed rules first. If you believe it was removed erroneously, explain why using this form and we will review your submission.
u/Sheyvan11 ago 2026, 16:34
If you leave the fries a bit longer in the frier, they get even crispr.
- u/MuffinMatrix11 ago 2026, 16:48
  Thanks, Ask This Old House
- u/explainlikeimfive-ModTeam11 ago 2026, 16:58
  Please read this entire message
  
  Your comment has been removed for the following reason(s):
  
  Top level comments (i.e. comments that are direct replies to the main thread) are reserved for explanations to the OP or follow up on topic questions (Rule 3).
  
  Joke-only comments, while allowed elsewhere in the thread, may not exist at the top level.
  
  If you would like this removal reviewed, please read the detailed rules first. If you believe it was removed erroneously, explain why using this form and we will review your submission.
u/Antique_Cod_168611 ago 2026, 16:34
It keeps the vegetables crispy and moist it its compartment.
u/stormbutton11 ago 2026, 16:35
It works like “find and replace all” in a word processor but with genes. Source- I teach biotech
- u/beezkneezsneez11 ago 2026, 16:44
  Wow!!! This made so much sense!! Thank you!
- u/RogueHelios11 ago 2026, 16:47
  Considering how succinct you described it I believe you teach it lol
  - u/stormbutton11 ago 2026, 16:562 respuestas
- u/careless2511 ago 2026, 16:55
  And the find and replace can be thrown in the vicinity of the document and it will figure it out
- u/thekingadrock9311 ago 2026, 17:00
  What does it DO though?
  - u/stormbutton11 ago 2026, 17:013 respuestas
  - u/DefinitelyNotKuro11 ago 2026, 17:29
  - u/Evianicecubes11 ago 2026, 17:49
- u/Smorb11 ago 2026, 17:12
  But like.. how in the hell???
  - u/stormbutton11 ago 2026, 17:151 respuesta
- u/kutastha11 ago 2026, 19:33
  This blows me away. I got my PhD in molecular genetics in 2002 and have never used it. CRISPR sounds like a major game changer.
u/twiztednipplez11 ago 2026, 16:38
We send in RNA with a special protein to cut out specific portions of DNA. When the body regrows that cut out bit the RNA tells the DNA how it should regrow it. So in the famous HIV story going around, when regrowing the DNA, the RNA said instead of being able to receive to HIV regrow so you can't receive it.
- u/Luenkel11 ago 2026, 19:12
  I'm not sure what exactly you mean by "the RNA tells the DNA how it should regrow it". That's not a thing in standard applications of CRISPR/Cas. The guide RNA simply tells the Cas protein where to cut the DNA. What happens after that is in the hands of the cell's DNA repair machinery, which the RNA does not directly interact with. For example, in the paper about targeting HIV with CIRPSR/Cas that I've read recently, they include 2 guide RNAs that target the start and the end of the integrated virus, thereby cutting it out of the genome, and then DNA repair machinery comes in and closes the gap where the virus was. But they didn't have to somehow engineer the guide RNA to tell the cell to do that, that's just what it does in that situation. All the RNA does, is tell the Cas protein where to cut. When you want to use CRISPR/Cas to replace a specific sequence with a different sequence, you typically introduce an additional piece of DNA whose ends match the loose DNA ends of the cut site, which is recognized by the repair machinery and incorporated. But that doesn't have anything directly to do with the RNA (it again just determines where to cut), we're talking about a seperate piece of DNA. There is one specific subtype of CRISPR/Cas system called prime editing that comes closest to what you seem to be talking about. In that system, the guide RNA is extended to contain a section that is reverse transcribed unto the cut DNA. So here the RNA does actually play an active role in what happens to the DNA after it's been cut. But that is just one specific extension of CRISPR/Cas technology and I'm not aware of any paper where this has been applied to treating HIV, though if that is what you are talking about, I would love a link to the paper.
u/CXDFlames11 ago 2026, 16:46
If you had a puzzle made of red pieces, and I gave you five blue pieces that were shaped exactly like 5 red pieces in the puzzle And I told you "take out the red pieces and replace them with these blue ones" It would be similar
u/mancapturescolour11 ago 2026, 16:56
Inside the body, there is an instruction manual, a template for how to build things and make them grow, called DNA.

Sometimes the manual has a typo or other mistake. CRISPR/Cas9 is the tool that can find (CRISPR) and snip out the typo in the manual, like a pair of scissors (Cas9)!

So, scientists build this tracker, CRISPR, to identify the exact page and line with the typo, like using a highlighter.

Then Cas9 is introduced to cut out the mistake. After that, one of two things happen.

A) Stop a broken process: The recipe becomes unreadable if the pages in the instructions are glued together in a sloppy way, so the factory stops working and just doesn't produce the part that was faulty anymore.

B) Repair a broken process: With the gap from the incision, scientists can now paste a fresh new sentence to fix the recipe and the part comes out from the factory as intended.

Adapted from nobelprize.org "Popular information: Genetic scissors: a tool for rewriting the code of life (pdf)" - https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2020/10/popular-chemistryprize2020.pdf