With the stamp in your passport, you have the right to remain. However, you do not have the right to re-enter and remain. You go back to as if you did not have a visa at all. Your best bet will be to go and get a visa from the consulate in the UK. In my case I got a spousal type d (I think) visa which lasted me for a year and then I got temporary residence. If I was in your situation, there would be no reason why I could not go back to the UK to get that type d visa again while I wait for my temporary residence to come through.
Im thinking of doing the visa just incase. But with my current situation, could I not re-enter Poland next month with the 90 day visa free because I think my current TRC application would still be in progress ( unless it gets cancelled if I leave)?