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r/science · u/Wagamaga1 авг. 2026 г., 16:56

Researchers have found that the more ultra-processed foods fathers consumed before conception, the higher their babies' birth weight and the greater the accumulation of fat in the thighs and around the waist at birth.

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u/Wagamaga11 авг. 2026 г., 16:57
A father’s diet can affect his children’s health and body composition before they are even conceived. A study of 43 triads of fathers, mothers, and newborns treated in the public healthcare system of Ribeirão Preto in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, demonstrated this. The analysis revealed that the greater the consumption of ultra-processed foods by the fathers, the higher the birth weight and the greater the accumulation of fat in the baby’s thighs and suprailiac region (commonly known as “love handles”). High birth weight and elevated body fat early in life are risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. “Maternal nutrition and health before, during, and after the baby’s birth have always received attention, but little is said about the role of the father’s diet. Our study shows that it also matters a great deal for the baby’s health," says Daniela Sartorelli, a professor at the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine at the University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) who coordinated the study published in the journal Nutrition Research. The study is the first to demonstrate an association between fathers’ consumption of ultra-processed foods and the body composition of newborns. So-called ultra-processed foods are industrial formulations mostly made of food-extracted substances and synthetic chemical additives; the presence of whole foods in the composition of items such as packaged snacks, filled cookies or soft drinks is either scarce or non-existing. The researchers’ hypothesis is that consuming ultra-processed foods negatively impacts sperm formation, which occurs prior to conception. “Diets rich in ultra-processed foods can create a pro-inflammatory environment in the body, affecting sperm quality and altering the expression of genes that will be passed on to the baby. This process is known as epigenetics. Gene activity can be ‘activated’ or ‘deactivated’ depending on the father’s dietary habits,” explains Mariana Rinaldi Carvalho, a FAPESP doctoral scholarship recipient and co-author of the study. One of the genes mentioned in the study is IGF-II, which is responsible for fetal growth and is inherited exclusively from the father. “Previous studies have shown that a father’s dietary habits can biochemically modify this gene in sperm through a process called methylation [the addition of a methyl group], thereby influencing fetal development,” says the researcher. The study is part of a larger project supported by FAPESP that investigates how the diets of mothers and fathers influence the health of newborns. According to the results, fathers’ consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with higher birth weights, while the effect of mothers’ consumption was the opposite. Consuming these foods early in pregnancy (up to the 16th week) was associated with lower birth weight, shorter height, and smaller head circumference at birth. “We believe that the impact of maternal consumption of ultra-processed foods on the baby’s birth weight and body measurements may be related to placental development, which depends on many nutrients. Ultra-processed foods are, in fact, nutrient-poor,” Carvalho assesses. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0271531726000552
- u/AlwaysHopelesslyLost11 авг. 2026 г., 17:14
  Worth keeping in mind before anyone takes this as fact: it's 43 families. That's a tiny sample, way too small to draw conclusions about something this complex, and small samples tend to exaggerate whatever effect they find. It's also just a correlation. They found that dads who ate more processed food had heavier babies. They did not show it caused it. The whole sperm/epigenetics explanation is the researchers' hypothesis, not something the study proved, and if you read closely they say as much. And dad's diet isn't really isolated from everything else. A guy eating lots of processed food also tends to differ in income, weight, lifestyle, and his household's whole diet. Any of those could be driving the birth weight instead. With only 43 families you can't separate them out. Notice the researchers say "hypothesis" and "may be related to," but the article says "demonstrated" and "shows." This is sensationalized and misleading.
  - u/ravens-n-roses11 авг. 2026 г., 17:171 ответ
  - u/RubyMae411 авг. 2026 г., 17:211 ответ
u/MoleWhackSupreme11 авг. 2026 г., 17:01
Any article on Reddit (or any social media) I see about UPF is instantly flooded with people making pedantic arguments about largely irrelevant things. I genuinely believe that like with smoking or leaded fuel we’re going to look back at this whole charade with horror in 15-20 years.
- u/dptgreg11 авг. 2026 г., 17:03
  Completely agree
- u/THROWRA_al_Camp_926311 авг. 2026 г., 17:12
  I hate the anti non-UPF argument so much. 'hur durr frozen corn is processed' Are we really this unable to tell the difference between an oreo and an apple. Its the same logic as getting out of bed involves a bit of movement therefore it must be exercise.
  - u/galactictock11 авг. 2026 г., 18:51
- u/OriginalOrca11 авг. 2026 г., 17:12
  Are the arguments in the room right now?
  - u/Old-Landscape-753811 авг. 2026 г., 17:291 ответ
- u/silentbargain11 авг. 2026 г., 17:13
  I think that will be true about UPFS and a host of other risks we may not even be aware of yet. Microplastics, pfas, and other systemic poisons are obvious examples, but more studies are also showing that polyester clothing can leach plasticizers directly through mucus membranes, putting women at risk through hygiene products. I believe we live in a cultural malaise of manufactured happiness, where a quality control sticker means more to someone than an artisan’s effort or an artist’s signature. The pendulum of time may swing hard back to the creature comforts of a bygone age, but our aging bodies will be left with a world of tacky trash. The mass-trash-producers will fight tooth and nail to keep plastic convenient in our minds, like the rest of their poisons.
- u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:17
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- u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:29
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- u/Xin_shill71 авг. 2026 г., 17:47
  There is not strict definition of upf in the US: https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-food-labeling-and-critical-foods/ultra-processed-foods. The way foods are classified vary from study to study. The NOVA classification system has internal conflicts and distracts from the SPECIFIC ingredients that cause health issues in people by being so generalized. You could eat a “diverse” arrangement of unprocessed/processed food from there, and suffer extreme malnutrition. Butter(unsalted), salt, and sugar are “processed ingredients” and a higher ranking than “whole grain bread”(processed) and “non-whole wheat pasta(upf) their classification. Beer is “better” for you than ANY KIND OF CHIP, spaghetti sauce, or a bagel. Recall studies are also one of the notoriously weaker forms of science research, which most of these types of studies rely on. I’m torn because I want good food science research, but the “upf” just feels lazy and too inaccurate to actually legislating better food into existence in the stores.
u/Golurkcanfly11 авг. 2026 г., 17:08
This means that it's subcutaneous and a more gynoid fat distribution, so now I'm curious what hormone issues there may be if any.
u/coconutpiecrust11 авг. 2026 г., 17:12
Makes sense that paternal, not just maternal, condition around conception would influence the development of a fetus.
- u/thingsorfreedom11 авг. 2026 г., 17:18
  No it doesn’t. The sperm gives half the DNA. It makes sense that a genetic predisposition to a preference for these foods might lead to newborns exhibiting these finding due to genetics passed on. If they could show this diet altered the genetics of the sperm or gave an advantage to some sperm over others that would be a couple other possible hypotheses.
u/InTheEndEntropyWins11 авг. 2026 г., 17:15
The study was about something completely different, this is just p hacking. They looked at a bunch of things like maternal UPF consumption and babies weight, etc. and didn't find anything they liked, then they found some random correlation they could make up a story around, which was always going to happen with only 43 people in the study.

Maternal UPF E% in early pregnancy (up to 16th weeks of gestation) was inversely associated with birth weight, length, head circumference, and ponderal index at birth. No association between maternal UPF E% in late pregnancy and outcomes was found.
- u/Old-Landscape-753811 авг. 2026 г., 17:27
  It's like shooting at the side of a barn and then drawing a bullseye around the bullet hole.
- u/ArthurPGB11 авг. 2026 г., 17:54
  Yeah, kind of crazy some of the stuff that gets published and then spreads around media. Exactly like you mentioned, sample size of 43 is kind of laughable. Even more so when they are looking at several p-values, hoping for one to “show” something. They do mention the limited sample size, but then why publish?
  - u/Mend1cant11 авг. 2026 г., 18:28
u/Taikeron11 авг. 2026 г., 17:15
It turns out that when you provide half the genes for life, your genes matter too. Who would've known?! This is why every child needs to learn to cook, so they're not beholden to the prepackaged food chef.
- u/InTheEndEntropyWins21 авг. 2026 г., 17:45
  Are you suggesting eating UPF changing the genes in the sperm?
u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:16
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u/AllanfromWales111 авг. 2026 г., 17:21
From the paper:

All women and 39.5% of the fathers were overweight.

Shouldn't that have been mentioned in the writeup?
- u/GorgeWashington11 авг. 2026 г., 17:37
  This isn't even science. This is an answer looking for a question.
  - u/Mend1cant11 авг. 2026 г., 18:35
- u/drugs_r_my_food11 авг. 2026 г., 17:39
  Must have been done in america
- u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:57
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u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:24
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u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:24
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u/Appropriate-Ad-321911 авг. 2026 г., 17:30
Isn't it possible it's because the more the father consummes ultra-processed food, the more the mother will consumme process food during pregnancy?
- u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:42
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u/Paksarra11 авг. 2026 г., 17:31
The problem is that the designation of "ultra-processed foods" is so vague and broad that it's almost useless. There's clearly something funky going on here, but saying it's the fault of *any foodstuff that can't be easily made within an average home* isn't really all that useful in figuring out the exact cause.
u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:35
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u/djasonpenney11 авг. 2026 г., 17:42
Doubt. I suspect the researchers did not take into account how most expectant mothers have a similar diet to their partners, the expectant fathers.
u/Themanstall21 авг. 2026 г., 17:48
Damn, my baby gonna be thiccc
u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:53
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u/pewsquare11 авг. 2026 г., 17:53
Isn't this the prime example of causation =! correlation? Wouldn't families where fathers consume a lot of UPF be the ones where the mothers also consume said foods? As one can very easily expect that the family eats the same or similar food in general.
u/[deleted]11 авг. 2026 г., 17:58
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u/DanChase111 авг. 2026 г., 18:26
Epigenetics in action?

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